The UK communications regulator Ofcom has launched two major consultations aimed at expanding satellite connectivity services and shaping the future use of valuable satellite spectrum resources. The proposals focus on the 2 GHz Mobile Satellite Services (MSS) band and additional spectrum access for Earth Stations in Motion (ESIMs) used by ships and aircraft.
Ofcom Extends Access to 2 GHz Mobile Satellite Services Spectrum
Ofcom is proposing a transitional framework for the 2 GHz MSS spectrum band, covering frequencies between 1980-2010 MHz and 2170-2200 MHz, whose current authorizations expire in May 2027.
Under the proposal, existing licensees Viasat and EchoStar would be allowed to continue operating in the band for an additional 3 to 5 years after the expiration of their current rights. The move is designed to ensure continuity of existing services, including the European Aviation Network, while Ofcom evaluates long-term options for the spectrum.
The regulator plans to introduce a new licence under the Wireless Telegraphy Act 2006 that would allow continued operation of the existing Complementary Ground Component (CGC) Network, currently used by Viasat. Relevant licence exemption regulations would also remain in force during the transition period.
Ofcom is additionally proposing greater flexibility to allow other users to access the 2 GHz MSS spectrum during the transition period. The objective is to promote more efficient spectrum utilization, encourage innovation, and support emerging satellite-based communications services.
Long-Term Future of the 2 GHz MSS Band Under Review
Looking beyond the transition period, Ofcom is seeking industry feedback on the future authorization framework for the 2 GHz MSS band in the UK.
The regulator noted growing interest in the spectrum from multiple sectors and service providers. Factors influencing future decisions include evolving commercial demand, potential benefits of regional spectrum alignment, and uncertainty regarding future use of the band across the European Union.
Ofcom said it intends to make a long-term decision as soon as it gains greater clarity on which applications can deliver the highest economic and societal benefits.
Stakeholders can submit responses to the 2 GHz MSS consultation until 18 August 2026.
More Spectrum Proposed for Satellite Connectivity on Aircraft and Ships
In a separate consultation, Ofcom is proposing significant expansion of spectrum availability for Earth Stations in Motion (ESIMs), which provide high-speed satellite broadband connectivity to passengers and crew on moving aircraft and maritime vessels.
The proposals would make additional spectrum available in the Ku-band and Ka-band for ESIM uplink operations, supporting both Geostationary Orbit (GSO) and Non-Geostationary Orbit (NGSO) satellite systems.
For aeronautical ESIMs, Ofcom proposes new authorizations for:
GSO satellite connectivity in 12.75-13.25 GHz, 27.8185-28.4545 GHz, and 28.8265-29.4625 GHz
NGSO satellite connectivity in 27.5-29.1 GHz and 29.5-30 GHz
For maritime ESIMs, the proposed spectrum access includes:
GSO satellite connectivity in 12.75-13.25 GHz, 27.8185-28.4545 GHz, and 28.8265-29.4625 GHz
NGSO satellite connectivity in 27.8185-28.4545 GHz and 28.8265-29.1 GHz
Expansion of Ku and Ka Band Capacity
The proposed changes build upon existing ESIM authorizations already available in parts of the Ku and Ka bands and would substantially increase the spectrum available for satellite broadband services on ships and aircraft.
To implement the changes, Ofcom plans to update its Aircraft Radio Licence, Ship Radio Licence, and Earth Station Network (ESN) Licence frameworks. The regulator also intends to revise technical requirements under Interface Requirement IR 2077 and Interface Requirement IR 2093 to accommodate the expanded frequency usage.
The consultation includes technical measures designed to ensure coexistence between satellite operators and other spectrum users while maintaining service quality.
Responses to the ESIM consultation must be submitted by 11 August 2026.
Satellite Connectivity Market Set for Growth
The proposed spectrum reforms highlight Ofcom’s strategy to support growing demand for satellite-based broadband services across aviation, maritime, and mobile communications sectors. Expanded access to Ku-band and Ka-band spectrum could improve connectivity experiences for airline passengers and maritime users, while the transitional framework for the 2 GHz MSS band provides regulatory certainty for existing operators and creates opportunities for future innovation in satellite communications.
BABURAJAN KIZHAKEDATH
