The United Kingdom is accelerating the release of the Upper 6 GHz band (6425–7125 MHz) to unlock faster wireless connectivity, stronger mobile networks and new digital services. The spectrum strategy is designed to balance the growing demand for high-speed Wi-Fi with the need for additional mobile capacity, while also safeguarding critical services such as radio astronomy and satellite communications.
Strategic importance of the Upper 6 GHz band
The Upper 6 GHz band is emerging as a critical resource for next-generation connectivity in the UK. By enabling both Wi-Fi and mobile services to operate efficiently, the spectrum will support rising data consumption, particularly in urban environments where network congestion is highest. Around 82 percent of mobile data traffic originates in urban and suburban areas, making this band highly valuable for dense deployments, Ofcom said in the report .
The spectrum also lays the foundation for future 6G networks expected around 2030, positioning the UK as an early adopter of advanced wireless technologies.
Balanced spectrum allocation for Wi-Fi and mobile
The UK’s approach divides the Upper 6 GHz band into two distinct segments to maximise efficiency and coexistence:
The lower 160 MHz (6425–6585 MHz) is designated as Wi-Fi priority, enabling faster and more reliable indoor and enterprise connectivity.
The upper 540 MHz (6585–7125 MHz) is designated as mobile priority, providing operators with much-needed capacity to enhance 5G performance and future upgrades.
Initially, Wi-Fi access will still be permitted in the mobile-priority portion through Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) systems. This ensures flexible use of the spectrum while allowing a smooth transition when mobile deployments scale.
Focus on high-density urban deployment
Mobile use of the Upper 6 GHz band will follow a subnational licensing model, targeting “high density areas” where demand for data is most concentrated. These areas are expected to be primarily urban centers, similar to previous mmWave spectrum strategies.
This targeted approach allows mobile network operators to deploy capacity where it is needed most, without over-allocating spectrum in rural regions where demand is lower. Rural deployments are expected to remain limited and highly selective.
Managing coexistence with existing users
The band is already used by multiple sectors, including telecoms, financial services, transport and public services. To ensure smooth transition and minimal disruption, the UK is proposing several measures:
Around 500 fixed links currently operating in the band will be reviewed. Those incompatible with future mobile use in high-density areas will receive a five-year notice for revocation.
Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE), such as wireless cameras used in major broadcasts like motorsports events, will gradually lose access to the 7110–7125 MHz range with a five-year notice period.
Alternative spectrum within the broader 7 GHz band will accommodate most PMSE demand, with special provisions for large-scale events.
At the same time, the band will remain open for new fixed links in locations that do not conflict with future mobile deployments, ensuring long-term flexibility.
Protection of critical and scientific services
A key element of the strategy is protecting sensitive and essential services operating in the band:
The Radio Astronomy Service (RAS), particularly the e-MERLIN network, will be safeguarded by strict interference limits. Mobile networks must not exceed -159 dBm per 50 kHz in the 6650–6675.2 MHz range at six observatory sites.
Fixed Satellite Services and Earth Exploration Satellite Services will continue operating with minimal disruption.
Ultra-low-power devices such as ultra-wideband chips in smartphones and industrial sensors will remain unaffected due to their non-interference operating model.
Economic and innovation impact
Opening the Upper 6 GHz band is expected to deliver wide-ranging economic benefits. Faster Wi-Fi speeds will enhance productivity in homes and businesses, while increased mobile capacity will support data-intensive applications such as streaming, cloud computing and augmented reality.
The spectrum will also enable innovation across sectors including smart cities, autonomous transport, industrial automation and live broadcasting. By aligning spectrum policy with future demand, the UK is creating a robust platform for digital growth.
Outlook for 5G evolution and 6G readiness
The Upper 6 GHz band represents a critical bridge between current 5G deployments and the evolution toward 6G. Its propagation characteristics make it ideal for high-capacity urban coverage, complementing existing low-band and mid-band spectrum. With a structured rollout, strong coexistence framework and forward-looking licensing model, the UK is positioning itself to lead in next-generation wireless infrastructure while ensuring efficient spectrum use across industries.
BABURAJAN KIZHAKEDATH